PKey Report

PK	C104
TITLE	Kambos: Tholos
WGS84	36.937712° N, 22.198419° E
Accuracy	Exact

LAT/LON	36.937712, 22.198419
LON/LAT	22.198419, 36.937712

DMS

36° 56' 15.7632" N

22° 11' 54.3084" E

W3W	consulted, vowed, inscription
UTM	34 S, 606720, 4088633
EGSA87	339415, 4089191

Elevation m	290
Elevation feet	951.4
Region	Messenia

GENERAL SITE TYPE Tholos

TYPE

1. Artifacts. Boyd [2001], 166 'These include two Cretan lead statuettes, '

2. Sherds. Simpson and Hagel [2006], 57 ' ... except for the two (sherds, rhc) recovered from Tsountas' excavation dump beside the dromos of the tholos tomb ... '

3. Tholos. Boyd [2001], 166 ' .... very well built medium to large tholos tomb; ... '

4. Tholos. Simpson and Hagel [2006], 57 ' ... the tholos tomb, exccavated by Tsountas ..., '

5. Tholos. Ålin [1962], 89 'An einem Hügelhang liegt das von Tsountas 1891 ausgegrabene Tholosgrab. Es war geplündert.'

6. Tholos. Pelon [1976], 187

7. Tholos. McDonald and Rapp [1972], 290 'HAB? CEM. Tholos tomb 8.50 m in diam. excavated on E slope below highway..'

8. Tholos. Zavadil [2012], 411 '..ein großes beraubtes Kuppelgrab..'

9. Tholos. Simpson [1981], 133 '..a well constructed tholos tomb (diameter about 7.5 m.).'

10. Tholos. Simpson [2014], 26 'HAB(?; LH center probably Zarnata hill), CEM; tholos'

11. Tholos. Simpson and Dickinson [1979], 166 'A tholos tomb was found in the side of a low ridge on which stands a mediaeval tower, ... '

12.    Tomb.   Simpson [1966], 114

PERIOD (High Chronology)

1. Middle Minoan III: (1750 BC - 1675 BC)

    a.    Zavadil [2012]: 412, 'Studien von A. Sakellariou und E. Sapouna-Sakellaraki zu den beiden Bleifigurinen widerlegten Hope Simpsons Annahme, daß es sich um kretische Importe aus der Zeit zwischen MM III und SM II handeln könne.'

2. Late Helladic II: (1635 BC - 1410 BC)

    a.    Boyd [2001]: 167, 'A construction date within LHII seems almost certain for this tholos.'

    b.    Ålin [1962]: 89, 'Das Grab dürfte aus SH II stammen.'

    c.    Pelon [1976]: 188,

    d.    Zavadil [2012]: 412, 'M. Boyd argumentierte für eine Errichtung des Grabes in SH II.', ' Für das Siegel und die Figurinen nahm Hope Simpson an, daß sie vielleicht nicht später als in SH II entstanden seien; ... '

    e.    Boyd [2001]: 167, ' ... the two Cretan lead statuettes 'should be dated not later than the LHII period'; ... '

    f.    Boyd [2001]: 166, 'Two sherds observed in the excavation dump by McDonald & Hope Simpson (1961, 251) were suggested to be LHII-IIIA and LHIIIA-B.'

3. Late Helladic IIB: (1470 BC - 1410 BC)

    a.    Simpson [1981]: 133, '..the quality of the architecture and the style of the jewellery suggest that the tomb was built some time within the LH IIB-IIIA periods.'

    b.    Simpson and Dickinson [1979]: 166, 'LH (IIB-III) ... '

    c.    Simpson and Dickinson [1979]: 166, 'It seems likely that it was build some time in the LH IIB - IIIA range.'

    d.    Zavadil [2012]: 412, 'Die qualitätvolle Architektur und der Stil des Schmuckes legen nach P. Ålin, R. Hope Simpson und O. Dickinson eine Erbauung der Tholos in SH IIB oder SH IIIA nahe.'

    e.    Simpson and Hagel [2006]: 57, 'On the basis of these two sherds and on other grounds the tomb is provisionally dated to within the LH IIB to LH IIIA periods ... '

4. Late Minoan II: (1470 BC - 1420 BC)

    a.    Zavadil [2012]: 412, 'Studien von A. Sakellariou und E. Sapouna-Sakellaraki zu den beiden Bleifigurinen widerlegten Hope Simpsons Annahme, daß es sich um kretische Importe aus der Zeit zwischen MM III und SM II handeln könne.'

5. Late Helladic III: (1410 BC - 1060 BC)

    a.    Ålin [1962]: 89, 'Waterhouse datiert jedoch einige Funde in SH III.'

    b.    Pelon [1976]: 188,

    c.    Simpson and Dickinson [1979]: 166, 'LH (IIB-III) ... ', ' ... the only pottery discoverable in the neighbourhood of the tomb is LH III ... '

    d.    Zavadil [2012]: 412, 'Dieser Meinung schloß sich auch Ch. Marabea an; allerdings wies sie darauf hin, daß eine Errichtung des Grabes in SH III nicht ausgeschlossen werden kann.'

    e.    Zavadil [2012]: 412, '... die Knöpfe und Glasornamente datierte er eher in SH III.'

    f.    Boyd [2001]: 167, ' ...;; the other finds Hope Simpson suggests are LHIII ... '

6. Late Helladic IIIA: (1410 BC - 1315 BC)

    a.    Simpson [1981]: 133, '..the quality of the architecture and the style of the jewellery suggest that the tomb was built some time within the LH IIB-IIIA periods.'

    b.    Simpson [1966]: 114,

    c.    Simpson and Dickinson [1979]: 166, 'It seems likely that it was build some time in the LH IIB - IIIA range.'

    d.    Zavadil [2012]: 412, 'Die qualitätvolle Architektur und der Stil des Schmuckes legen nach P. Ålin, R. Hope Simpson und O. Dickinson eine Erbauung der Tholos in SH IIB oder SH IIIA nahe.'

    e.    Boyd [2001]: 167, 'Two sherds observed in the excavation dump by McDonald & Hope Simpson (1961, 251) were suggested to be LHII-IIIA and LHIIIA-B.'

    f.    Simpson and Hagel [2006]: 57, 'On the basis of these two sherds and on other grounds the tomb is provisionally dated to within the LH IIB to LH IIIA periods ... '

7. Late Helladic IIIB: (1320 BC - 1190 BC)

    a.    Simpson [1966]: 114,

    b.    Boyd [2001]: 166, 'Two sherds observed in the excavation dump by McDonald & Hope Simpson (1961, 251) were suggested to be LHII-IIIA and LHIIIA-B.'

BIBLIOGRAPHY

1. Ålin [1962]: Ålin, Per. Das Ende der mykenischen Fundstätten auf dem griechischen Festland. Carl Bloms Boktryckeri A.-B., Lund, 1962., 'Zarnata', pg. 89.

2. Boyd [2001]: Boyd, Michael John. Middle Helladic And Early Mycenaean Mortuary Practices In The Southern And Western Peloponnese. 2001, ''34: KÁMBOS'', pg. 166. Online here.

3. McDonald and Rapp [1972]: McDonald, William A. and George R. Rapp, Jr.. The Minnesota Messenia Expedition: Reconstructing a Bronze Age Regional Environment. University of Minnesota Press, Minneapolis, Minnesota. USA. 1972, '146 Kambos: Zarnata', pg. 290.

4. Messenia III: McDonald, William A. and Richard Hope Simpson. ‘Further Explorations in Southwestern Peloponnese: 1964-1968’, American Journal of Archaeology. Vol. 73, No. 2 (Apr., 1969), pp. 123-177., '81. Zarnata (Kambos)', pg. 161. Online here.

5. Pelon [1976]: Pelon, Olivier. Tholoi, tumuli et cercles funéraires; Recherches sur les monuments funéraires de plan circulaire dan l'Égée de l’Âge du Bronze (IIIe at IIe millénaires av. J.-C). Bibliothèques de l'École française d'Athènes et de Rome - Série Athènes, 229. 1976., '12. Kambos', pg. 187. 'La tombe est située sur le flanc d'une petite élévation, à l'Ouest du village de Kambos, au pied de la colline qui porte le fort de Zarnata ...'
Online here.

6. Simpson and Hagel [2006]: Simpson, R. Hope and D.K. Hagel. Mycenaean Fortifications, Highways, Dams and Canals. SIMA vol. 133. Paul Åströms Förlag. Sävedalen, Sweden. 2006., '[Kambos: Zarnata ... ]', pg. 57.

7. Simpson [1981]: Simpson, Richard Hope. Mycenaean Greece. Park Ridge, New Jersey: Noyes Press, 1981., 'F 137 Kambos: Zarnata', pg. 133. Online here.

8. Simpson [1966]: Simpson, Richard Hope. ‘The Seven Cities Offered by Agamemnon to Achilles (Iliad ix. 149 ff., 291 ff.)’, The Annual of the British School at Athens, 61, 113-131. 1966., '', pg. 114. Online here.

9. Simpson [2014]: Simpson, Richard Hope. Mycenaean Messenia and the Kingdom of Pylos. Philadelphia:Instap Academic Press, 2014. , '81 Kambos: Zarnata', pg. 26.

10. Simpson and Dickinson [1979]: Simpson, Richard Hope and O.T.P.K. Dickinson. A Gazetteer of Aegean Civilization in the Bronze Age, Vol. I: The Mainland and the Islands. Paul Åströms Förlag, Goteborg. 1979., 'D 146 Kambos: Zarnata', pg. 166. Online here.

11. Zavadil [2012]: Zavadil, Michaela. Monumenta: Studien zu mittel- und späthelladischen Gräbern in Messenien. Wien:Osterreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften Philosophisch-Historische Klasse Denkschriften. 2012., 'KAMBOS/ZARNATA (EP. KALAMON)', pg. 411. Online here.