Nestora (Kakovatos)
| PK | C1576 |
| TITLE | Nestora (Kakovatos) |
| WGS84 | 37.460506° N, 21.661804° E |
| Accuracy | Exact |
| LAT/LON | 37.460506, 21.661804 |
| LON/LAT | 21.661804, 37.460506 |
| DMS | 37° 27' 37.8216" N | , | 21° 39' 42.4944" E |
| W3W | ranges, sooner, fizzy |
| UTM | 34 S, 558528, 4146165 |
| EGSA87 | 293053, 4148239 |
| Elevation m | 58 |
| Elevation feet | 190.3 |
| Region | Triphylia |
GENERAL SITE TYPE Settlement
TYPE
1. Building. Simpson and Hagel [2006], 59 'These (Dörpfeld's excavations, rhc) revealed a large building (called a palace by Dörpfeld), ... '2. Buildings. Simpson and Dickinson [1979], 101 'Excavation on the acropolis revealed a large building ... '
3. Fortification. Simpson and Hagel [2006], 59 'This may have had Mycenaean fortifications, ... '
4. hab. Simpson [2014], 24 'HAB, ...'
5. Settlement. BCH Online, 1511 '.. the first season of renewed fieldwork in 2009, to investigate the spatial extent, building types and chronological span of the Mycenaean settlement on the so-called acropolis ...'
6. Settlement. Simpson and Dickinson [1979], 101 'There was also a fairly extensive MH and LH "lower town" on the NW slopes ... '
7. Settlement. Ålin [1962], 79 'Dorpfeld grub hier 1907 - 08 ... mykenische Burgreste aus.'
8. Settlement. Boyd [2001], 189 'Dörpfeld located a large non-funerary site in addition to three tholos tombs.'
9. Settlement. Messenia I, 230 'A small acropolis (called Ktiria before Dörpfeld's excavations) on the S-E edge of the fertile coastal plain, ...'
10. Settlement. Simpson [1981], 96 'Excavation here revealed a large building (called a palace by Dorpfeld), which included storerooms, ... There was also a fairly extensive Middle Helladic and Mycenaean "lower town" on the north and northwest slopes'
11. settlement. Messenia III, 130 ' ... we confirmed that, ..., there is unmistakable evidence for the existence of a lower town in MH and LH times.'
12. Sherds. Simpson and Hagel [2006], 59 'Surface sherds and stones ... '
SITE SIZE
- Messenia I p. 230, Size: 18000 sq. m. 'The inhabited area of at least 200 m. E-W by 90 m. N-S is strewn with smallish stones ...'
- Boyd [1999] p. 692, Size: 18000 sq. m. 'When they visited the site, McDonald & Hope Simpson defined an inhabited area 90m x 200m.'
- Simpson [2014] p. 24, Size: 18000 sq. m. 'HAB, CEM; 1.8 ha (minimum; recent excavations suggest larger size); 3 tholoi; "large village"(?)'
- Simpson [1981] p. 96, Size: 18000 sq. m. 'indicating an inhabited area of at least 200 m. east to west by 90 m.'
- Simpson and Dickinson [1979] p. 101, Size: 18000 sq. m. ' ... an inhabited area of at least 200 m. E-W by 90 m.'
- Simpson and Hagel [2006] p. 59, Size: 18000 sq. m. ' ... extended also over an area at least 200 m east to west by 90 m on the northwest slopes.'
PERIOD (High Chronology)
1. Middle Bronze Age: (2100 BC - 1550 BC)
a. BCH Online: 1511, 'The pottery, which continues from the Middle Bronze Age via Early Mycenaean to the Early Palatial period (LHIIIA), indicates a comparatively long occupation of the acropolis, covering a much broader spectrum than the finds from the tholos tombs.'
2. Middle Helladic: (2000 BC - 1600 BC)
a. Messenia I: 231, 'From MH, fragments of horizontal handles of jars in coarse, gritty fabric; ...'
b. Simpson [2014]: 24, 'MH, LH I-IIIB, C, H, R'
c. Simpson [1981]: 96, 'MH LH I-IIIB'
d. Messenia III: 130, ' ... we confirmed that, ..., there is unmistakable evidence for the existence of a lower town in MH and LH times.'
e. Ålin [1962]: 80, ' ... aber Reste der Unterstadt mit Steinen und einigen Scherben aus mittel- und späthelladischer Zeit.'
f. Simpson and Dickinson [1979]: 101, ' ... extensive MH and LH "lower town" ... '
g. Simpson and Hagel [2006]: 59, 'MH LH I-IIIB'
3. Late Helladic: (1700 BC - 1050 BC)
a. Messenia III: 130, ' ... we confirmed that, ..., there is unmistakable evidence for the existence of a lower town in MH and LH times.'
b. Ålin [1962]: 80, ' ... aber Reste der Unterstadt mit Steinen und einigen Scherben aus mittel- und späthelladischer Zeit.'
c. Simpson and Hagel [2006]: 59, 'This may have had Mycenaean fortifications, ... '
4. Late Helladic I: (1700 BC - 1635 BC)
a. Messenia I: 231, 'From LH I-II(?) 2 sherds from stemmed bowls ...'
b. Simpson [2014]: 24, 'MH, LH I-IIIB, C, H, R'
c. Simpson [1981]: 96, 'MH LH I-IIIB'
d. BCH Online: 1511, 'The pottery, which continues from the Middle Bronze Age via Early Mycenaean to the Early Palatial period (LHIIIA), indicates a comparatively long occupation of the acropolis, covering a much broader spectrum than the finds from the tholos tombs.'
e. Simpson and Dickinson [1979]: 101, 'MH LH I-IIIB'
f. Simpson and Hagel [2006]: 59, 'MH LH I-IIIB'
5. Late Helladic II: (1635 BC - 1410 BC)
a. Messenia I: 231, 'From LH I-II(?) 2 sherds from stemmed bowls ...'
b. Simpson [2014]: 24, 'MH, LH I-IIIB, C, H, R'
c. Simpson [1981]: 96, 'MH LH I-IIIB'
d. BCH Online: 1511, 'The pottery, which continues from the Middle Bronze Age via Early Mycenaean to the Early Palatial period (LHIIIA), indicates a comparatively long occupation of the acropolis, covering a much broader spectrum than the finds from the tholos tombs.'
e. Simpson and Dickinson [1979]: 101, 'MH LH I-IIIB'
6. LH III: (1410 BC - 1060 BC)
a. Simpson and Hagel [2006]: 59, ' ... pottery from the 1908 excavations marked "Unterberg" was predominantly LH III, as were the surface sherds observed in 1959 ... '
7. LH IIIA: (1410 BC - 1315 BC)
a. Simpson [2014]: 24, 'MH, LH I-IIIB, C, H, R'
b. Simpson [1981]: 96, 'MH LH I-IIIB'
c. BCH Online: 1511, 'The pottery, which continues from the Middle Bronze Age via Early Mycenaean to the Early Palatial period (LHIIIA), indicates a comparatively long occupation of the acropolis, covering a much broader spectrum than the finds from the tholos tombs.'
d. Simpson and Dickinson [1979]: 101, 'MH LH I-IIIB'
8. LH IIIB: (1320 BC - 1190 BC)
a. Messenia I: 231, '...many typical fragments from LH III B deep bowls, ...'
b. Simpson [2014]: 24, 'MH, LH I-IIIB, C, H, R'
c. Simpson [1981]: 96, 'MH LH I-IIIB'
d. Ålin [1962]: 80, 'McDonald und Simpson haben diese Keramik untersucht und fanden darunter viele Fragmente von IIIB-Keramik, wie Skyphoi, Krateren und Kylikes, ... '
e. Boyd [2001]: 190, ' ...; much of the pottery from the 1908 excavations on the akropolis is LHIIIB, ... '
f. Simpson and Dickinson [1979]: 101, 'MH LH I-IIIB'
NOTE
1. For the Kakovatos site there is an informative web page sponsored by the Austrian Academy of Sciences (ÖAW) here.
rhc
BIBLIOGRAPHY
1. BCH Online: Archaeology in Greece Online/Chronique des fouilles en ligne, 'Kakovatos', no. 1511.
Online here.
Online here.
2. Ålin [1962]: Ålin, Per. Das Ende der mykenischen Fundstätten auf dem griechischen Festland. Carl Bloms Boktryckeri A.-B., Lund, 1962., 'Nestora', pg. 79.
3. Boyd [2001]: Boyd, Michael John. Middle Helladic And Early Mycenaean Mortuary Practices In The Southern And Western Peloponnese. 2001, '46: Kakóvatos', pg. 189.
Online here.
4. Messenia I: McDonald, William A. and Richard Hope Simpson. ‘Prehistoric Habitation in Southwestern Peloponnese’, American Journal of Archaeology. Vol. 65, No. 3 (Jul., 1961), pp. 221-260., '20. Nestora (Kakovatos)', pg. 230.
Online here.
Online here.
5. Messenia III: McDonald, William A. and Richard Hope Simpson. ‘Further Explorations in Southwestern Peloponnese: 1964-1968’, American Journal of Archaeology. Vol. 73, No. 2 (Apr., 1969), pp. 123-177., '20 Nestora (Kakovatos)', pg. 130.
Online here.
6. Simpson and Hagel [2006]: Simpson, R. Hope and D.K. Hagel. Mycenaean Fortifications, Highways, Dams and Canals. SIMA vol. 133. Paul Åströms Förlag. Sävedalen, Sweden. 2006., 'Kakovatos: Nestora', pg. 59.
7. Simpson [1981]: Simpson, Richard Hope. Mycenaean Greece. Park Ridge, New Jersey: Noyes Press, 1981., 'D 70 Kakovatos: Nestora', pg. 96.
Online here.
8. Simpson [2014]: Simpson, Richard Hope. Mycenaean Messenia and the Kingdom of Pylos. Philadelphia:Instap Academic Press, 2014. , '20. Kakovatos: Nestora', pg. 24.
9. Simpson and Dickinson [1979]: Simpson, Richard Hope and O.T.P.K. Dickinson. A Gazetteer of Aegean Civilization in the Bronze Age, Vol. I: The Mainland and the Islands. Paul Åströms Förlag, Goteborg. 1979., 'B 94 Kakovatos: Nestora', pg. 101.
Online here.