Site details

Livanates: Pyrgos (Kynos)

PK	C1624
TITLE	Livanates: Pyrgos (Kynos)
WGS84	38.72355° N, 23.062598° E
Accuracy	Exact

LAT/LON	38.72355, 23.062598
LON/LAT	23.062598, 38.72355

DMS

38° 43' 24.78" N

23° 3' 45.3528" E

W3W	gals, reminders, correlates
UTM	34 S, 679305, 4288119
EGSA87	418364, 4286229

Elevation m	17
Elevation feet	55.8
Region	Locris
Subregion	Opuntia

GENERAL SITE TYPE Settlement

TYPE

1.    Harbor.   Kramer-Hajos [2008], 39    'Kynos must have been an important harbor town, given its excellent location on the shore. Dakoronia has suggested that this site was the port for a more interior site located at Livanates-Palaiokastro ... '
2.    Lithics.   Simpson [1965], 138    'On the hilltop itself obsidian, ... '
3.    Mound.   Simpson [1965], 138    'It is a conspicuous 'high mound' site (130 m. north to south by 90 m. on top) with steep slopes.'
4.    Settlement.   Fossey [1990], 81    ' ... the prehistoric pottery at the site would be consistent with the mention of Kynos in the Homeric Catalogue of Ships (Ilias ii, 531) and the obvious importance at several periods of this coastal site ... '
5.    Settlement.   Simpson [1981], 80    'It is a conspicuous "high mound" site with steep slopes.'
6.    Settlement.   Phialon [2011], 48    ' .... ont livré des vestiges d'habitat ... '
7.    Settlement.   Lemos [2011], 21    ' ... reports on the long period of occupation of the site, ... '
8.    Settlement.   Kramer-Hajos [2008], 37    'The LH IIIC settlement extends over the top and the slope of the hill to its base; ...'
9.    Settlement.   Simpson and Dickinson [1979], 263    'It is a conspicuous "high mound" site ... with steep slopes.'
10.    Sherds.   Fossey [1990], 84    'Pottery etc. MH (Grey Minyan, Matt-painted, Polychrome), LH IIIA-C (kylikes & deep bowls), ... '
11.    Sherds.   Simpson [1965], 138    ' ..., covered in ancient sherds, amongst which Mycenaean (mainly fine LH III A and LH IIIB) ... '
12.    Tomb.   Simpson [1965], 138    'Towards the south-east end my wife and I, together with Miss D. H. F. Gray, located a small cist grave, with the skull still inside, ... '

SITE SIZE

- Simpson [1981]  p. 80,  Size: 11700 sq. m.  'The top surface, about 130 m. north to south by 90 m., ...'

- Simpson and Dickinson [1979]  p. 263,  Size: 11700 sq. m.  '...(c. 130 m. N-S by 90 m.)...'

- Fossey [1990]  p. 81,  Size: 14000 sq. m.  'Its very top, measuring c 200m North North West - South South East by c. 70 m, is roughly oblong in plan.'

- Simpson [1965]  p. 138,  Size: 11700 sq. m.  ' ... a conspicuous 'high mound' site (130 m. north to south by 90 m. on top) with steep slopes.'

PERIOD (High Chronology)

1. EH: (3100 BC - 2000 BC)
    a.    Lemos [2011]: 21, ' ..., which was inhabited from the Early Helladic to the Byzantine period ... '

2. Middle Helladic: (2000 BC - 1600 BC)
    a.    Simpson [1981]: 80, 'On the hilltop itself ... fine Middle Helladic wares, ...', 'MH LH IIIA-C G A C H'
    b.    Simpson and Dickinson [1979]: 263, 'MH LH IIIA-C G A C H'
    c.    Kramer-Hajos [2008]: 37, 'Settlement began in the MH period, ...'
    d.    Phialon [2011]: 48, ' ..., deux tombes à ciste HM ... '
    e.    Fossey [1990]: 84, 'Pottery etc. MH (Grey Minyan, Matt-painted, Polychrome), ... '

3. LH IIB: (1470 BC - 1410 BC)
    a.    Phialon [2011]: 48, 'L'inhumation HR II B ... '

4. LH IIIA: (1410 BC - 1315 BC)
    a.    Simpson [1981]: 80, 'The LH IIIA ... fine wares are of very good quality.', '...and copious Mycenaean sherds...', 'MH LH IIIA-C G A C H'
    b.    Simpson [1965]: 138, ' ... LH IIIA-C:1 ... '
    c.    Simpson and Dickinson [1979]: 263, 'MH LH IIIA-C G A C H'
    d.    Kramer-Hajos [2008]: 37, '..., after which the earliest evidence dates to LH IIIA.'
    e.    Fossey [1990]: 84, ' ..., LH IIIA-C (kylikes & deep bowls), ... '

5. LH IIIA1: (1410 BC - 1375 BC)
    a.    Kramer-Hajos [2008]: 38, 'A LH IIIA1 layer with small parts of walls...'
    b.    Phialon [2011]: 48, ' ..., un autre niveau de construction HR III A1, ... '

6. LH IIIB: (1320 BC - 1190 BC)
    a.    Simpson [1981]: 80, '...LH IIIB fine wares are of very good quality.', 'MH LH IIIA-C G A C H'
    b.    Simpson [1965]: 138, ' ... LH IIIA-C:1 ... '
    c.    Simpson and Dickinson [1979]: 263, 'MH LH IIIA-C G A C H'
    d.    Phialon [2011]: 48, ' ..., un niveau de construction HR III B, détruit par un séisme, ... '
    e.    Fossey [1990]: 84, ' ..., LH IIIA-C (kylikes & deep bowls), ... '

7. LH IIIC: (1190 BC - 1060 BC)
    a.    Simpson [1981]: 80, '...and copious Mycenaean sherds (including a LH IIIC krater fragment with panel-style pattern)...', 'MH LH IIIA-C G A C H'
    b.    Simpson and Dickinson [1979]: 263, 'MH LH IIIA-C G A C H'
    c.    Kramer-Hajos [2008]: 37, '... LH IIIC settlement ...', '...the LH IIIC Middle phase, ...'
    d.    Lemos [2011]: 21, 'The LHIIIC occupation of Kynos is still visible today.', 'The study of the stratigraphy of the site together with ceramic analyses have shown that the LHIIIC period had Early, Middle and Late phases, ... '
    e.    Phialon [2011]: 48, ' ...: on recense un horizon HR III C, ... '
    f.    Fossey [1990]: 84, ' ..., LH IIIA-C (kylikes & deep bowls), ... '

8. LH IIIC1: (1190 BC - 1130 BC)
    a.    Simpson [1965]: 138, ' ... LH IIIA-C:1 ... '

9. Geometric: (900 BC - 700 BC)
    a.    Simpson [1965]: 138, ' ... G ... '
    b.    Simpson and Dickinson [1979]: 263, 'MH LH IIIA-C G A C H'
    c.    Fossey [1990]: 84, ' ..., G, A (including Korinthian), ... '

10. Archaic: (700 BC - 480 BC)
    a.    Fossey [1990]: 84, ' ..., G, A (including Korinthian), ... '

NOTES

1. The principal investigator of the site is F. Dakoronia. For a short list of her publications on this site see Lemos [2011] p. 26.

2. The Aristeia Project page for Pyrgos is here.

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BIBLIOGRAPHY

1. Fossey [1990]: Fossey, John M.. The Ancient Topography of Opountian Locris. J.C. Gieben, Publisher. Amsterdam 1990, '18. Pyrgos, Livanates (= anc. Kynos)', pg. 81.

2. Kramer-Hajos [2008]: Kramer-Hajos, Margaretha. Beyond the Palace: Mycenaean East Lokris. BAR International Series. No. 1781. 2008., 'Livanates - Pyrgos (Kynos)', pg. 37.

3. Lemos [2011]: Lemos, Irene S.. ‘Euboea and Central Greece in the Post-Palatial and Early Greek Periods.’, Archaeological Reports (58) [2011-12] 19-27., '', pg. 21. Online here.

4. Mazarakis-Ainian ed. [2015]: Mazarakis Ainian, Alexander . Η Κοινωνική Αρχαιολογία του Ελληνικού Κόσμου κατά την Πρώιμη Εποχή του Σιδήρου και την Πρώιμη Αρχαϊκή περίοδο (The Aristeia Project: The Social Archeology of the Greek World during the Early Iron Age and the Early Archaic period), '', Online here.

5. Phialon [2011]: Phialon, Laetitia. L'Émergence de la Civilisation Mycénienne en Grèce Centrale. Peeters, Leuven - Liege. Belgium. 2011., 'I.2.2.11. Livanates-Pyrgos (Kynos ant.) Phthiotide', pg. 48.

6. Simpson [1965]: Simpson, R. Hope. A Gazetteer and Atlas of Mycenaean Sites. London, Institute of Classical Studies, 1965., ''466 Pyrgos (Livanates)'', pg. 138.

7. Simpson [1981]: Simpson, Richard Hope. Mycenaean Greece. Park Ridge, New Jersey: Noyes Press, 1981., 'C 67 Livanates: Pyrgos', pg. 80. Online here.

8. Simpson and Dickinson [1979]: Simpson, Richard Hope and O.T.P.K. Dickinson. A Gazetteer of Aegean Civilization in the Bronze Age, Vol. I: The Mainland and the Islands. Paul Åströms Förlag, Goteborg. 1979., 'G 72 Livanates: Pyrgos', pg. 263. Online here.