Site details

Panopeus: Acropolis

PK	C1748
TITLE	Panopeus: Acropolis
WGS84	38.496005° N, 22.796894° E
Accuracy	Exact

LAT/LON	38.496005, 22.796894
LON/LAT	22.796894, 38.496005

DMS

38° 29' 45.618" N

22° 47' 48.8184" E

W3W	keycard, inclined, episodes
UTM	34 S, 656700, 4262380
EGSA87	394935, 4261249

Elevation m	309
Elevation feet	1013.8
Region	Phocis

GENERAL SITE TYPE Fort

TYPE

1.    Fort.   Fossey [1986], 64    '...this may perhaps be the remains of a prehistoric defence work which, if it enclosed the whole hilltop, would be comparable with the proposed Mykenaian circuit at neighbouring Khaironeia.'
2.    hab.   Simpson and Dickinson [1979], 254    '..., and there are remains of Cyclopean masonry preserved for a considerable extent on the SE slope ...'
3.    hab.   Simpson [1981], 76    'It appears ... that the Cyclopean wall once enclosed the whole of the rocky summit...'
4.    Sherds.   AR[1961], 31    'In Phocis a few Mycenaean sherds were found on the bare south-east slopes of the acropolis of Panopeus, ... '
5.    Sherds.   Phialon [2011], 115    ' ..., a livré des tessons HR III A-B et un fragment HM ou HR I.'
6.    Wall.   AR[1961], 31    'There are also traces of a Cyclopean wall, in one place three courses high, running around the south-eastern slopes, about 40 m. below the Classical walls.'

SITE SIZE

- ed rhc  p. ,  Size: 100000 sq. m.  By measurement in GE the area of the entire acropolis is approx. 104,000 sq. m.

- Simpson [1981]  p. 76,  Size: 20000 sq. m.  '...about 250 m. east to west by 80 m. ...'

- Simpson and Dickinson [1979]  p. 254,  Size: 20000 sq. m.  '..., enclosing a larger extent, and indeed probably the whole summit (c. 250 m. E-W by 80 m.) and much of the upper slopes on the E side.'

PERIOD (High Chronology)

1. Middle Helladic: (2000 BC - 1600 BC)
    a.    Fossey [1986]: 64, 'MH (Yellow Minyan and Matt-painted) LHIIIA-B A C H'
    b.    Simpson [1981]: 76, 'MH LH IIIA-B C H'
    c.    Simpson and Dickinson [1979]: 254, 'MH and LH III sherds were found near the Cyclopean wall ...'
    d.    Phialon [2011]: 115, ... et un fragment HM ou HR I.'

2. Late Helladic: (1700 BC - 1050 BC)
    a.    Simpson and Dickinson [1979]: 254, '...Cyclopean masonry ...', '...and remains of small cist graves, apparently associated with LH sherds.', 'The indications suggest a large LH settlement.'
    b.    AR[1961]: 31, 'In Phocis a few Mycenaean sherds ... '

3. Late Helladic I: (1700 BC - 1635 BC)
    a.    Phialon [2011]: 115, ... et un fragment HM ou HR I.'

4. LH IIIA: (1410 BC - 1315 BC)
    a.    Fossey [1986]: 64, '... LHIIIA-B A C H'
    b.    Simpson [1981]: 76, 'MH LH IIIA-B C H'
    c.    Simpson and Dickinson [1979]: 254, 'MH LH IIIA-B C H'
    d.    Phialon [2011]: 115, ' ..., a livré des tessons HR III A-B ... '

5. LH IIIB: (1320 BC - 1190 BC)
    a.    Fossey [1986]: 64, '... LHIIIA-B A C H'
    b.    Simpson [1981]: 76, 'MH LH IIIA-B C H'
    c.    Simpson and Dickinson [1979]: 254, 'MH and LH III sherds were found near the Cyclopean wall ...'
    d.    Phialon [2011]: 115, ' ..., a livré des tessons HR III A-B ... '

NOTES

1. For a list of sources, ancient and modern, see McInerny [1999] 295

2. In AR [1961] 31 M.S.F. Hood says: 'Since there is no reason to doubt that this is the Panopeus mentioned in the Catalogue (Iliad ii 520), this proof that it was inhabited in Mycenaean times is a valuable confirmation of the view that the Catalogue stems ultimately from a Mycenaean tradition'.

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BIBLIOGRAPHY

1. AR[1961]: Archaeological Reports, The Society for the Promotion of Hellenic Studies. (8) 1961., 'In Phocis a few Mycenaean sherds ... ', pg. 31. Online here.

2. Fossey [1986]: Fossey, John M.. The Ancient Topography of Eastern Phokis. Gieben, Amsterdam, 1986., '14. Ayios Vlasios (= anc. Panopeus)', pg. 63.

3. McInerny [1999]: McInerny, Jeremy. The Folds of Parnassos; Land and Ethnicity in Ancient Phokis. The University of Texas Press, Austin, Texas, USA. 1999., '14. Panopeus', pg. 295.

4. Phialon [2011]: Phialon, Laetitia. L'Émergence de la Civilisation Mycénienne en Grèce Centrale. Peeters, Leuven - Liege. Belgium. 2011., 'I.3.1.5. La bordure nord de l'ancien lac Kopaïs et ses affluents', pg. 114.

5. Simpson [1981]: Simpson, Richard Hope. Mycenaean Greece. Park Ridge, New Jersey: Noyes Press, 1981., 'C 47 Ayios Vlasis: Ancient Panopeus', pg. 76. Online here.

6. Simpson and Dickinson [1979]: Simpson, Richard Hope and O.T.P.K. Dickinson. A Gazetteer of Aegean Civilization in the Bronze Age, Vol. I: The Mainland and the Islands. Paul Åströms Förlag, Goteborg. 1979., 'G 48 Ayios Vlasis: Ancient Panopeus', pg. 254. Online here.