Site details

Beycesultan/Beyesultan

PK	C1761
TITLE	Beycesultan∕Beyesultan
WGS84	38.255837° N, 29.700402° E
Accuracy	Exact

LAT/LON	38.255837, 29.700402
LON/LAT	29.700402, 38.255837

DMS

38° 15' 21.0132" N

29° 42' 1.4472" E

W3W	sponges, bungee, inlets
UTM	35 S, 736283, 4237650
EGSA87	998783, 4249309

Elevation m	838
Elevation feet	2749.3
Region	Anatolia
Subregion	Phrygia

GENERAL SITE TYPE Sherds

TYPE

1.    settlement.   Luwian Studies [nd],     'The tell settlement, approximately 500 x 800 m in size, is one of the largest in western Asia Minor.'
2.    Sherds.   Kelder [2006], 60    'One sherd of truly Mycenaean origin has been found in a late Beyesultan III (1450-1325 BC) pavement and should be the shoulder of a LH IIIA2 or B imported stirrup jar,...','Seven sherds from the 1954 excavations were believed to be Anatolian copies of Mycenaean pottery...'
3.    Sherds.   Lloyd and Mellaart [1965], 74    'A single Mycenaean sherd found in a sherd and pebble pavement of the last sub-phase of Beycesultan III ... '

SITE SIZE

- Luwian Studies [nd]  p. ,  Size: 400000 sq. m.  ' ..., approximately 500 x 800 m in size, ...'

PERIOD (High Chronology)

1. Early Bronze Age: (3200 BC - 2100 BC)
    a.    Luwian Studies [nd]: , 'During the Early Bronze Age I well-protected Megaron-like structures with porticoes in the front and a fireplace in the main hall occurred.', 'The Early Bronze Age III brought potter's wheel production.'

2. Middle Bronze Age: (2100 BC - 1550 BC)
    a.    Luwian Studies [nd]: , ' ..., Beycesultan was one of the main cities in the Arzawa kingdoms of the the Middle Bronze Age.'
    b.    Luwian Studies [nd]: , 'A fragment of a hieroglyphic seal was found dating to almost 2000 BCE. It is the earliest documentary proof for Indo-European language.'
    c.    Luwian Studies [nd]: , ' ... revealed a palace that was built in the time of the Assyrian trade colonies (c. 1900 BCE) ... '
    d.    Luwian Studies [nd]: , 'The palace eventually burnt down during the 17th century BCE. Mellaart attributed the destruction to the Hittite king Hattusili (reigned 1650 - 1620 BCE).'

3. Late Helladic: (1700 BC - 1050 BC)
    a.    Lloyd and Mellaart [1965]: 74, 'A single Mycenaean sherd ... '

4. LH IIIA2: (1375 BC - 1320 BC)
    a.    Kelder [2006]: 60, '... shoulder of a LH IIIA2 or B imported stirrup jar...'

5. LH IIIB: (1320 BC - 1190 BC)
    a.    Kelder [2006]: 60, '... shoulder of a LH IIIA2 or B imported stirrup jar...'

BIBLIOGRAPHY

1. Kelder [2006]: Kelder, Jorrit M.. ‘Mycenaeans in Western Anatolia’, Talanta (36-37), 49-86. 2004-2005., 'Beyesultan', pg. 60. Online here.

2. Lloyd and Mellaart [1965]: Lloyd, Seton and James Mellaart. Beycesultan. Vol. II; Middle Bronze Age Architecture and Pottery. Published by British Institute of Archaeology at Ankara 1965., '', pg. 74.

3. Luwian Studies [nd]: Zangger, Eberhard. , 'Beycesultan; Number: 73', Online here.