Site details

Citadel of Orne

PK	C4501
TITLE	Citadel of Orne
WGS84	35.154246° N, 24.672737° E
Accuracy	Exact

LAT/LON	35.154246, 24.672737
LON/LAT	24.672737, 35.154246

DMS

35° 9' 15.2856" N

24° 40' 21.8532" E

W3W	impatiently, hushing, beneath
UTM	35 S, 288012.88, 3892628.28
EGSA87	561125, 3890067

Elevation m	510
Elevation feet	1673.2
Region	Crete
Subregion	Pyrgiotissa

GENERAL SITE TYPE Settlement

TYPE

1.    Buildings.   Kanta et al. [2020], 331    'The excavation focused on two sectors (Fig. 13), named building A which is located to the east and building B to the north.'
2.    Fort.   Kanta et al. [2020], 330    'In 2009 Athanasia Kanta and Nikos Stampolidis ... started the excavation of the fortified citadel of Orne.'
3.    Lithics.   Kanta et al. [2020], 334    'Many stone tools and some bronze objects were also found'
4.    Pottery.   Kanta et al. [2020], 334    'The pottery is of good quality. Remarkable are large jugs, one with a triple handle ... . There are also stirrup jars, amphoroid kraters ... and deep bowls.'
5.    Settlement.   Nowicki [2000], 200    'An extensive LM IIIC defensible settlement ...'

PERIOD (High Chronology)

1. Late Minoan IIIC: (1200 BC - 1075 BC)
    a.    Nowicki [2000]: 200, 'An extensive LM IIIC defensible settlement ...', 'Dating: LM IIIC (early).'
    b.    Kanta [2003]: 179, ... define a clear LM III C horizon ...
    c.    Kanta et al. [2020]: 331, 'Pithoi and smaller vessels were collected. They are dated to the early part of Late Minoan IIIC (1200-1150 BC).'
    d.    Kanta et al. [2020]: 334, 'The date of the citadel is defined by the pottery which clearly dates to the first part of Late Minoan IIIC.'

NOTE

1. Contributed by Professor S. Murray, University of Toronto.

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BIBLIOGRAPHY

1. Deger-Jalkotzy and Zavadil [2006]: Deger-Jalkotzy, Sigrid and Michaela Zavadil (eds.). LH III C Chronology And Synchronisms II; LH III C Middle. Proceedings of the International Workshop held at the Austrian Academy of Sciences at Vienna, October 29th and 30th, 2004., '',

2. Kanta [2003]: Kanta, Athanasia. ‘The Citadel of Kastrokephala and the Date of the Minoan Refuge Citadels’, In Deger-Jalkotzy and Zavadil [2006] 167-182, '', Online here.

3. Kanta et al. [2020]: Kanta, Athanasia and Nikolaos Chr. Stampolidis, Anastasia Tzigounaki, Manolis Stefanakis. ‘Movements of people from mainland Greece to Crete and Cyprus. The case of the fortified citadel of Orne in the framework of historical developments in the southeast Mediterranean’, In Stampolides and Giannopoulou [2020], pp. 329 - 337, '', pg. 329. Online here.

4. Nowicki [2000]: Nowicki, Krzysztof. Defensible Sites in Crete; c. 1200 - 800 B.C. (LM IIIB/IIIC through Early Geometric). Aegaeum (Annales d'archéologie égéenne de l'Université de Liège et UT-PASP), 21., '95. Orne Kastellos', pg. 200.

5. Stampolidis and Giannopoulou [2020]: Stampolides, N.C. and Mimika Giannopoulou. Eleutherna, Crete and the Outside World. Grafotehniki Kritis, 2020., '',