Site details

Tapes: Kato Kastello

PK	C5130
TITLE	Tapes: Kato Kastello
WGS84	35.194452° N, 25.620718° E
Accuracy	Exact

LAT/LON	35.194452, 25.620718
LON/LAT	25.620718, 35.194452

DMS

35° 11' 40.0272" N

25° 37' 14.5848" E

W3W	inked, virtual, juggled
UTM	35 S, 374433, 3895479
EGSA87	647401, 3895522

Elevation m	768
Elevation feet	2519.7
Region	Crete
Subregion	Mirabello

GENERAL SITE TYPE Settlement

TYPE

1.    Settlement.   Nowicki [2000], 123    'An extensive Dark Age settlement was identified on the summit of Kato Kastello ...'
2.    Settlement.   Mazarakis-Ainian ed. [2015],     'Type: Settlement', 'Extensive settlement. Ancient walls, often preserved up to several rows of stones, indicate that the settlement consisted of big, rectangular houses, probably free-standing.'

SITE SIZE

- Nowicki [2000]  p. 124,  Size: 60000 sq. m.  Absolute maximum. Nowicki says 'The rocky ridge of Kato Kastello is about 200 by 300 m in size...' and '...the settlement consisted of big, rectangular houses, probably free-standing, and not in a compact plan...'

- Mazarakis-Ainian ed. [2015]  p. ,  Size: 22500 sq. m.  'Estimated Settlement Size: 150 x 150 = 22500 m² (2.25 ha)'

PERIOD (High Chronology)

1. Early Minoan: (3100 BC - 2200 BC)
    a.    Mazarakis-Ainian ed. [2015]: , 'Overall Phases of Use: From EM to PG'

2. Early Minoan III: (2200 BC - 2100 BC)
    a.    Nowicki [2000]: 124, 'Three fragments recorded on the summit may be dated to the EM III/MM I-II periods.'

3. Middle Minoan: (2100 BC - 1675 BC)
    a.    Mazarakis-Ainian ed. [2015]: , 'Overall Phases of Use: From EM to PG'

4. Middle Minoan I: (2100 BC - 1900 BC)
    a.    Nowicki [2000]: 124, 'Three fragments recorded on the summit may be dated to the EM III/MM I-II periods.'

5. Middle Minoan II: (1850 BC - 1750 BC)
    a.    Nowicki [2000]: 124, 'Three fragments recorded on the summit may be dated to the EM III/MM I-II periods.'

6. Late Minoan: (1675 BC - 1075 BC)
    a.    Mazarakis-Ainian ed. [2015]: , 'Overall Phases of Use: From EM to PG'

7. Late Minoan IIIC: (1200 BC - 1075 BC)
    a.    Nowicki [2000]: 124, 'Most of the potsherds scattered on the surface date to the Dark Age, LM IIIC and perhaps PG...'

8. Protogeometric: (1100 BC - 900 BC)
    a.    Nowicki [2000]: 124, 'Most of the potsherds scattered on the surface date to the Dark Age, LM IIIC and perhaps PG...'
    b.    Mazarakis-Ainian ed. [2015]: , 'From PG to PG'

NOTES

1. Nowicki [2000] defines the term 'Dark Age' on p. 16: 'The label Dark Age as a general historical term seems to be better than both Protogeometric and Early Iron Age and I will use it in that context when appropriate in this book. ... In Crete the best absolute dating would be very late LM IIIB to the early Geometric, i.e. some decades before 1200 (1230?) to c. 800 B.C.'

2. Site contributed to the Mycenaean Atlas Project by Sarah Murray, University of Toronto.

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BIBLIOGRAPHY

1. Mazarakis-Ainian ed. [2015]: Mazarakis Ainian, Alexander . Η Κοινωνική Αρχαιολογία του Ελληνικού Κόσμου κατά την Πρώιμη Εποχή του Σιδήρου και την Πρώιμη Αρχαϊκή περίοδο (The Aristeia Project: The Social Archeology of the Greek World during the Early Iron Age and the Early Archaic period), 'Tapes Kato Kastello', Online here.

2. Nowicki [2000]: Nowicki, Krzysztof. Defensible Sites in Crete; c. 1200 - 800 B.C. (LM IIIB/IIIC through Early Geometric). Aegaeum (Annales d'archéologie égéenne de l'Université de Liège et UT-PASP), 21., '47. Tapes Kato Kastello', pg. 123.