Aradaina
| PK | C7449 |
| TITLE | Aradaina |
| WGS84 | 35.223219° N, 24.06168° E |
| Accuracy | Exact |
| LAT/LON | 35.223219, 24.06168 |
| LON/LAT | 24.06168, 35.223219 |
| DMS | 35° 13' 23.5884" N | , | 24° 3' 42.048" E |
| W3W | cantered, retreating, posh |
| UTM | 35 S, 232564.06, 3901754.86 |
| EGSA87 | 505464, 3897511 |
| Elevation m | 572 |
| Elevation feet | 1876.6 |
| Region | Crete |
| Subregion | Sphakia |
GENERAL SITE TYPE Settlement
TYPE
1. Pottery. Moody et al. [1995], 90 'The ancient pottery in and around the village is nearly all LR in date.'2. Settlement. Kitchell [1977], 192 ' ... a separate city ... '
3. Settlement. Moody et al. [1995], 90 ' '
PERIOD (High Chronology)
1. Archaic: (700 BC - 480 BC)
a. Moody et al. [1995]: 90, ' ...; there is a site with a good A - CL phase not far away.'
2. Classical: (480 BC - 323 BC)
a. Moody et al. [1995]: 90, ' ...; there is a site with a good A - CL phase not far away.'
3. Byzantine: (395 AD - 1453 AD)
a. Moody et al. [1995]: 90, 'We observed here as elsewhere in Sphakia that BVT (Byzantine-Venetian-Turkish, RHC) villages ... '
4. Hellenistic: (323 BC - 33 BC)
a. Moody et al. [1995]: 90, 'The evidence suggesting polis status for Araden is HL, ... '
NOTES
1. The modern town of Aradena is nearly, but not quite, deserted. In the Archaic, Classical, and Hellenistic periods it was the site of a town. Hansen and Nielsen (loc. cit.) suggest that at one point it may have absorbed Anopolis (C7447). Kitchell [1977] 188, presents the literary testimonia regarding Stephanus of Byzantium's (jumbled) statement that Aradaina was simply the upper part of Anopolis. The scholarly consensus seems to be that Aradaina and Anopolis were in fact separate settlements as both names have been preserved and Stephanus' idea that Aradaina was 'above' Anopolis is factually false (187, fn. 1). The gorge of Aradaina was most probably the effective border between the two.
2. The text from Stephanus of Byzantium's Ethnika is found in Billerbeck [2006] 232: A 370 Άραδήν πόλις Κρήτής, ἣ καὶ Ἀνώπολις λέγεται διἀ τὸ ἄνω εἶναι.
In Billerbeck's translation: p. 233: '370. Araden, Stadt auf Kreta, die auch Anopolis heisst, weil sie sich in der Höhe (ἄνω) befindet.'
English: '370. Araden, City of Crete, also called Anopolis, because it is high up.'
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BIBLIOGRAPHY
1. Billerbeck [2006]: Billerbeck, Margarethe. Stephani Byzantii Ethnica; VOLUMEN I: Α-Γ. Walter de Gruyter,, Berolini et Nove Eboraci, MMVI., '370 Άραδήν', pg. 232.
Online here.
2. Hansen and Nielsen [2004]: Hansen, Mogens Herman and Thomas Heine Nielsen. An Inventory of Archaic and Classical Poleis. Oxford University Press, Great Clarendon Street, Oxford. 2004, '945. Anopolis (Anopolites) Ἀνώπολις', Online here.
3. Kitchell [1977]: Kitchell, Kenneth Francis. Topographica Cretica: Topoi of Classical Crete with Testimonia. Loyola University Chicago, 'Literary Testimonia; A. Stephanus Byzantius s.v. Άραδήν', pg. 188.
Online here.
4. Moody et al. [1995]: Moody, Jennifer with Lucia Nixon, Simon Price and Oliver Rackham. ‘Surveying poleis and larger sites in Sphakia’, British School at Athens Studies, Vol. 2, POST-MINOAN CRETE: Proceedings of the First Colloquium on Post-Minoan Crete held by the British School at Athens and the Institute of Archaeology, University College London, 10-11 November 1995 (1998), pp. 87-95, 'Araden/Aradena', pg. 90.
Online here.