PK | C5702 |
TITLE | Gournia |
WGS84 | 35.109537° N, 25.792624° E |
Accuracy | Exact |
LAT/LON | 35.109537, 25.792624 |
LON/LAT | 25.792624, 35.109537 |
DMS | 35° 6' 34.3332" N | , | 25° 47' 33.4464" E |
W3W | issuers, coriander, fends |
UTM | 35 S, 389969, 3885857 |
EGSA87 | 663222, 3886372 |
Elevation m | 40 |
Elevation feet | 131.2 |
Region | Crete |
Subregion | Ierapetra |
TYPE
1. Artifacts. Watrous et al. [2012], 107 ' ..., bronze awl, and fragment of sheet gold.'
2. Buildings. Watrous et al. [2012], 108 ' ... ancient house and terrace walls as well as a street; ... ', 'Rather, except for possibly Houses Eb:11 and 12, the houses were clearly built in relation to the street plan, the regularity of which suggests it pre-dates the houses and was planned.'
3. hab. Langohr [2009], 90 'Habitat'
4. hab. Kanta [1980], 139 'The LM III occupation of the town of Gournia is not very well known, ...'
5. hab. Myers et al. [1992], 104 'Gournia is the most completely excavated Minoan lowland town.'
6. Pottery. Watrous et al. [2012], 107 'Early Minoan II pottery was also found on the north spur of the acropolis on the terraces on the west side.', 'Boyd discovered PP pottery in fills along the north and west edges of the town and scattered in sectors C and D.'
7. Settlement. Vavouranakis [2007], 28 'Settlement'
8. Settlement. Watrous et al. [2012], 107 'The Gournia upper town may have been first settled in the EM IIA period.', ' ..., the wide distribution of EM II sherds argues for a village-sized settlement.'
9. Sherds. Watrous et al. [2012], 108 'Four LM IIIA–IIIB sherds were found west of the upper town along the river, ... '
PERIOD (High Chronology)
1. Early Minoan IIA: (2650 BC - 2450 BC)
a. Myers et al. [1992]: 104, ' ... scattered traces of EM IIA - IIB pottery, ... '
b. Watrous et al. [2012]: 107, 'Early Minoan IIA material comes from Tombs III, V, and VI on the north spur of the ridge ... '
2. Early Minoan IIB: (2450 BC - 2200 BC)
a. Myers et al. [1992]: 104, ' ... scattered traces of EM IIA - IIB pottery, ... '
3. Early Minoan III: (2200 BC - 2100 BC)
a. Myers et al. [1992]: 104, 'EM III ...; pottery dump in North Trench.'
4. Middle Minoan: (2100 BC - 1675 BC)
a. Myers et al. [1992]: 104, 'MM .. Probably occupation then as intensive as in LM I ... '
5. Middle Minoan IB: (1925 BC - 1850 BC)
a. Vavouranakis [2007]: 28, 'MM IA-B First town'
6. Middle Minoan II: (1850 BC - 1750 BC)
a. Vavouranakis [2007]: 28, 'MM IA-B First town'
b. Watrous et al. [2012]: 107, ' ... NP town can be assumed to have been built after the MM II earthquake, ... '
7. Middle Minoan III: (1750 BC - 1675 BC)
a. Vavouranakis [2007]: 28, 'MM III - LM I Main town/"palace"'
b. Myers et al. [1992]: 104, 'MM III - LM I ... continued use of cemetery, with pithos burials.'
c. Watrous et al. [2012]: 108, 'The palace was built in MM III ... or LM I ... '
8. Late Minoan I: (1675 BC - 1470 BC)
a. Vavouranakis [2007]: 28, 'MM III -LM I Main town/"palace"'
b. Myers et al. [1992]: 104, 'LM I Grand official house ...'
c. Watrous et al. [2012]: 108, 'The palace was built in MM III ... or LM I ... '
9. Late Minoan IB: (1625 BC - 1580 BC)
a. Langohr [2009]: 90, ' ... sa destruction à la fin du MR IB.'
b. Watrous et al. [2012]: 108, ' ..., and remodeled, probably in LM IB.'
10. Late Minoan III: (1420 BC - 1075 BC)
a. Vavouranakis [2007]: 28, LM III 'Partial reuse of town'
b. Kanta [1980]: 139, '...the LM III settlement extended to the west side of the hill...'
c. Langohr [2009]: 90, 'Deux des maisons MR III clairement identifiées sont la grande maison Eh 49-54 et la maison Ei 55-56, ...'
d. Watrous et al. [2012]: 108, 'Boyd (Hawes et al. 1908, 23) noted in LM III that “a few scattered dwellings on the old akropolis were in use.”'
11. Late Minoan IIIA: (1420 BC - 1330 BC)
a. Watrous et al. [2012]: 108, 'Four LM IIIA–IIIB sherds were found west of the upper town along the river, ... '
12. Late Minoan IIIA2: (1390 BC - 1330 BC)
a. Kanta [1980]: 139, 'The conical cup no. 4 has a spreading rim with a band around it and a trickle motif - these were very common in the III A 2 ...'
b. Langohr [2009]: 90, 'Sa réoccupation au cours des MR IIIA2 et MR IIIB ...'
c. Myers et al. [1992]: 104, 'LM IIIA2 - IIIB Resettlement, include ashlar House He at south end of Town Court ...'
13. Late Minoan IIIB: (1330 BC - 1200 BC)
a. Kanta [1980]: 140, 'The Gournia reoccupation, to judge by its surviving vases, should be dated to an early stage of III B.'
b. Langohr [2009]: 90, 'Sa réoccupation au cours des MR IIIA2 et MR IIIB ...'
c. Myers et al. [1992]: 104, 'LM IIIA2 - IIIB Resettlement, include ashlar House He at south end of Town Court ...'
d. Watrous et al. [2012]: 108, 'Four LM IIIA–IIIB sherds were found west of the upper town along the river, ... '
14. Late Minoan IIIB2: (1250 BC - 1200 BC)
a. Watrous et al. [2012]: 108, ' ..., including an LM IIIB:2 bowl base found by the survey, suggesting the date of the final occupation of Gournia.'
1. Kanta [1980]: Kanta, Athanasia. The Late Minoan III Period in Crete; A Survey of Sites, Pottery and their Distribution. Paul Åströms Förlag, Göteborg. Sweden. 1980., '8. Gournia', pg. 139.
2. Langohr [2009]: Langohr, Charlotte. PERIPHEREIA: Étude régionale de la Crète aux Minoen Récent II-IIIB (1450-1200 av. J.-C.) 1 | La Crète centrale et occidentale, Presses Universitaires de Louvain, Belgium, 2009., '2.3.4. Gournia', pg. 89.
Online here.
3. Myers et al. [1992]: Myers, J. Wilson and Eleanor Emlen Myers, Gerald Cadogan. The Aerial Atlas of Ancient Crete. University of California Press, Berkeley, Los Angeles. United States of America. 1992., '13 Gournia', pg. 104.
4. Vavouranakis [2007]: Vavouranakis, Giorgos. Funerary Landscapes East of Lasithi, Crete, in the Bronze Age. BAR International Series, no. 1606, 2007, 'Gournia; The topograhical framework', pg. 26.
Online here.
5. Watrous et al. [2012]: Watrous, Vance L. with Donald Haggis, Krzysztof Nowicki, Natalia Vogeikoff-Brogan, and Maryanne Schultz. An Archaeological Survey of the Gournia Landscape; A Regional History of the Mirabello Bay, Crete, in Antiquity. INSTAP Academic Press, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. U.S.A., '8. (7, 19) Gournia, Fields 75–77, 87–100', pg. 107.